Islamic State West Africa Province Essay - 2041 Words

Islamic State West Africa Province, Group of the People of Sunnah for Preaching and Jihad, Boko Haram; known by many names, the terror organization that has plagued Northern Nigeria since the mid-2000s remains a threat to stability in Western Africa. Boko Haram was classified by the Global Terrorism Index as the deadliest terror organization of 2015; inflicting 6644 deaths, 77% civilians, this terror group is in fact on the decline due to infighting, coalition military strikes and a seeming lack of strategy, save for assaults on civilians and some infrastructure. Such a lack of strategy through which to attain their end-goal of a fundamentalist Sharia state in Nigeria has led to the group’s decline. A new strategy is critical if it were to make a resurgence to prominence in northern Nigeria. Should a strategically enlightened leader take the reins of Boko Haram, his first priority would be to end the hostilities between competing factions by any means necessary. He would after wards find it necessary to integrate and garner support for his cause amongst the general population, rendering the two entirely necessary to mutual survival. The next priority would be to divide and cripple Nigerian armed forces through attacks on soft targets to degrade morale and possibly open negotiations for some kind of resolution. Failing that, calling on support from other fundamentalist organizations and countries would no doubt add to the fighting capacity and legitimacy of Boko Haram, thusShow MoreRelatedThe Centralized States of West Africa1573 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Centralized States Introduction The great centralized states of West Africa constitute some of Africas most glorious empires. These states arose in the savannah as well as the forest, but always used the same basic model. For over a millennium, these states dominated the core of West Africa and the lucrative gold trade, making use of trade connections with its Islamic neighbors to the east. Thesis: Each of the major centralized powers of the region developed through their control of trans-SaharanRead MoreImpact Of Pre 1700s Civilizations On Africa And The Americans, Gain, And Maintain Power831 Words   |  4 PagesHistory How did pre-1600s civilizations in Africa and the Americans, gain, consolidate, and maintain power? Pre-1600s civilizations in Africa, gain, consolidate, and maintain power by these 3 civilizations: Ghana, Mali and Songhai. In Ghana’s part, society was used as technology, trading and independance. In Mali’s part, Wealth was used for valuing survival, education, and money (gold). In Songhai’s part, Economics was used for controlling and province. Also pre-1600s in Americans, gain, consolidateRead MoreThe Effects of the Expansion in the Post Classical Period: the Islamic Civilization1702 Words   |  7 Pages Global 9H 5/20/13 The Effects of the Expansion in the Post-Classical Period: The Islamic Civilization The â€Å"Post-Classical Period,† was a time of change, expansion, and vast cultural diffusion. The Islamic civilization is a group that emerged from the Semitic groups of southwestern Asia, and moved to the Arabian peninsula in tribes, known as the Bedouin tribes, due to lack of water and food. The Islamic Civilization encountered the cultures of the Europeans, Asians and Africans, and connectedRead MoreThe Earth and Its People: Chapter 13 Outline1629 Words   |  7 PagesTropical Africa and Asia (1200 – 1500) Ibn Battuta 1. Young Muslim scholar 2. Completed the pilgrimage to mecca 3. logged 75,000 miles of travel in 29 years 4. Powerful states and commercial systems were only made possible by local farmers, fishermen and pastoralists Tropical Lands and Peoples The Tropical Environment 1. Africa lies almost entirely within the tropics, as do southern Arabia, most of India and all of the Southeast Asian mainland and islands 2. In the lands aroundRead MoreThe Caravans Of Gold And The King And City1265 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst empire in West Africa was the empire of Ghana. West Africa has an economic base in gold, 600 years ago. That means that West Africa had a deposit of gold that had brought great wealth to the surrounding people from which great empires emerged. The gold was trade and the trader with camels carried the gold across the Sahara from West Africa to North Africa. From there traders shipped the gold to Europe and to the West Asia. One of the three most powerful empires in West Africa is Ghana. In theRead MoreThe Expansion Of Geographic Islam1743 Words   |  7 Pagesinteresting. These Turkic tribes expanded from Central Asia to Anatolia and with that they already gained military prowess and power in the region. It also should go without saying they promoted the faith along the way as well thus expanding the Islamic faith from Central Asia into Anatolia. This geographic movement is int eresting because it’s not only highlights the success of battles between Turkic and local tribes but, it provides the catalyst for the expansion of the Ottoman Empire and IslamRead MoreSoutheast Asia And The Middle East And North Africa1426 Words   |  6 Pagespractices Islam, making it the most widely practiced religion in the region (Pew Research Center s Religion Public Life Project, 2012). In fact, Southeast Asia contains the highest number of Muslims in the world, surpassing the Middle East and North Africa. The region is heavily influenced by Islam and European imperialism and it’s shown in the region’s architecture and cuisine. Southeast Asia has a monsoon climate, with no marked dry season, waterways that interconnected the region, and tropical rainforestsRead MoreKenyan Coast Of East Africa1000 Words   |  4 PagesBC, Cushitic-speaking people from northern Africa settled in the part of East Africa that is now Kenya. By the 1st Century AD, the Kenyan coast was frequented by Arab traders, who due to Kenya s proximity to the Arabian Peninsula, established Arab and Persian colonies there. The Nilotic and Bantu people also moved into the region during the first millennium AD. and settled inland Kenya straddles the Equator, and is located on the eastern coast of Africa. Roughly one and half times the size of JapanRead MoreThe Balkan Of World History1518 Words   |  7 Pagesthe infrastructure, language roots, and religion of the Balkan area. The Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman empires were the ones that for diverse reasons left a more lasting impression in this area. To be more specific, by means of architecture, the province of Plovdiv, Bulgaria is the perfect example on how these three empires left their cultural mark. Considering this, the cultural layering observed in East Central Europe is the result of these three empires’ religious architectural and language legacyRead MoreA Brief Look at the Republic of Sudan1032 Words   |  4 Pagesof North and South to become one nation under a single administration and after that Sudan was the third largest country in North Africa. Sudan is located in the North Valley in North Africa having borders with Red sea, Egypt to the North, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest and Ethiopia to the east. Khartum is its capital and Sudan has other eighteen provinces, and its known to be the fifth largest county in the world in terms of the size. Almost sixty percent of Sudanese populations are

Personal Statement Personal Selling - 895 Words

Personal selling is a face to face interaction between buyers and seller. This interaction is necessary for forming bonds and building lasting relationships that lead to repeat customers. This type of selling gives the sales person a chance to sway the customer towards a particular product with in depth information as well as utilize their promotional skills and abilities. Personal selling is less impersonal, it gives the salesperson the opportunity to listen to and address customer concerns, whether it be replacing a faulty product or addressing an issue with services rendered. Personal selling is considered to be the most effective form of promotion because it makes it possible for the sales person to entice consumers to make impulsive†¦show more content†¦The selling process has seven steps, the first of which is generating leads, this basically entails capturing the interest of potential customers. This is usually done through prospecting, cold calling, referrals and networking. The next step in the selling process is qualifying leads, this is basically determining if any of the prospects are viable leads buy assessing their buying power, gauging their receptivity and accessibility, and recognizing if they have a need for what is being sold. The third step is approaching the customer and probing needs; before approaching the customer the s alesperson must do their research to be as knowledgeable as possible about the prospect. The fourth step is developing and proposing solutions, this is the point where a sales proposal and presentation is presented to the customer. The fifth step in the selling process is handling objections, the salesperson must be fully prepared to handle any and all objections the prospect may have and find a way to use those objections to their benefit. The next step is closing the sale, at this stage the presentation has being made and it s all about the negotiations and trying to come to an agreeable consensus. The final step in the selling process is following up, this is simply to make sure delivery schedules are met and the client knows how to use theShow MoreRelatedList The Three Prescriptions That Serve As The Foundation For Development Of Relationship Strategy1183 Words   |  5 PagesList the three prescriptions that serve as the foundation for development of relationship strategy. Values Clarity Support 2. How important are establishing, building, and maintaining relationships in the selling process? List the four groups of people with whom sales personal must be able to work effectively. In a consultative sale, building a relationship is important to create identification with one on one communication with the customer to keep the customer feeling confident andRead MoreThe Management Of Individual Finances1180 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Financial Planning The management of individual finances indicates the beginning of financial planning. Financial planning refers to the process of developing a strategy that aids an individual to manage and control their spending and investments to suit their current, as well as future needs. Financial planning is an essential aspect of individuals’ as well as organizations’ continuity. Part A (1) Allison’s cash flow statement Cash Flow Statement Cash Inflow 3000 Expenses Rent 750Read MoreThe Best Way Of Selling A Product / Service862 Words   |  4 Pagescrucial part of selling a product is to get your customer to trust in you. You want the customer to feel like you are offering them something that can actually benefit them whether than just trying to get a sale out of them. You want to make the customer feel like they are important. Companies want salespeople who work for them know everything about the product so that they are confident when selling the product. In my opinion, the best way of selling a product/service is to share a personal experienceRead MoreThe Marketing Of Marketing Mix1340 Words   |  6 Pages Promotional mix consists of A ) Personal Selling In Personal selling communication is happening on one to one with seller and customer. It is considered to be one of the most expensive form of promotion . The seller uses their appearance and product knowledge to sell the product. Examples of Personal selling - Personal Meetings , telemarketing etc. customer. Personal selling is belongs to advertising and sales promotion. Personal selling is the way , to personally sell the productRead MoreEssay on Marketing Strategy: Neutrogena ´s Advertisement Campaign 702 Words   |  3 PagesNeutrogena’s personal selling will have to be the marketing strategy that needs to be launched before the full advertisements are released in the different media. One strategy for the personal selling campaign would need to be promoted in selected cities with a large population that is located in the United Kingdom, which also can be acknowledged in other cities throughout that country. The determination for Neutrogena is to weigh in on the actual desires and necessities of the ultimate objectiveRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.1172 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Apple Inc. designs, manufactures, and markets mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and portable digital music players, and sells a variety of related software, services, accessories, networking solutions, and third-party digital content and applications (Apple, 1). Apple Inc. is popular mainly due to its smartphones iPhone and laptops MacBook. According to article Best Worst Laptop Brands 2015 by LAPTOP editors, Apple Inc. products are to be the best amongRead MoreMary Kay Case Analysis Essay example1272 Words   |  6 Pagescosmetics, fragrances and other personal care products. From 1963 through the 1990s, this direct sales force primarily made up the distribution channel. In the case of Mary Kay, the direct sales force was the distributors and consumers. Thus, the direct sales force bought and then sold the products through a social network. This type of direct selling is called a network marketing organization (NMO). In this NMO, the distributors were responsible for selling products and recruiting new distributorsRead MoreGeicos Modified Rhetorical Approach1226 Words   |  5 Pages Geico’s Modified Rhetorical Approach Geico Insurance Company is known for using humorous and absurd mascots as a main selling point in their advertisements. Mascots that Geico has used in the past include the infamous Geico gecko, with the mysterious accent and the Geico caveman who seemed to be a jack-of-all-trades. Geico has recently taken a new approach to advertising their insurance. Authors of Geico commercials have recently introduced their newest mascot, Mike McGlone, a well-known actorRead MoreManaging Financial Resources Essay examples1182 Words   |  5 Pagesthe financial statements.(P2.4) 9. Analyse budgets and make appropriate decisions.(P3.1) 10. Calculate unit costs and make pricing decisions using relevant information.(P3.2) 11. Assess the viability of a project using investment appraisal techniques.(P3.3) 12. Explain the purpose of the main financial statements.(P4.1) 13. Describe the differences between the formats of financial statement for different types of business.(P4.2) 14. Analyse financial statements using appropriateRead MoreMarketing Channels1482 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribed as the blend of personal selling, advertising, direct marketing, sales promotion, and public relations a company uses to reach potential customers. (Excellence in Business; Bovà ©e, Thill, Mescon; p.  487) When a company is developing a promotional mix and working with their marketing channels, it is important to understand the five elements of promotion. Excellence in Business (Bovà ©e, Thill, Mescon; p.  487) describes the five elements as: 1. Personal selling which is in-person communication

Family and Tan Ling Wei Free Essays

I am an ordinary soon to be 20 years old girl from an ordinary family with extraordinary fantasies. My name is Tan Ling Wei, but since everybody is having a difficult time to pronounce Chinese names, I would rather be called as Zoey. I’m a Malaysian Chinese, and I was born in a big city with big shopping malls – Kuala Lumpur. We will write a custom essay sample on Family and Tan Ling Wei or any similar topic only for you Order Now When I was younger, I used to stay in Bentong which is my hometown in Pahang with my parents together with my grandparents. Since my parents were busy earning for a living, my grandparents were my guardians. Grandpa was my favourite person because he was the one who pampered me the most. He would grant whatever wish I wished for, even if it was the stars in the sky which takes about more than 50,000 years to make the journey. I remembered there was once, my grandpa took me out on a bike to buy me a school bag. I was so young and I did not know how to place my legs on the passenger seat, consequently I hurt my foot by getting it trapped in the bicycle wheel. I was crying very loudly on the way home because I couldn’t stand the pain and there was a lot of blood. Grandpa’s face was full with guilt when he saw his beloved grandchild got hurt. Eventually, the crying stopped after grandpa’s continuous comforting. The biggest gratitude goes to my mom. She’s not only an ordinary fulltime housewife, but also my dad’s part time personal assistant. On the other hand, she is the one who travels up and down to send me to university and my brother to school. Well, to put it in a nutshell, she has no time for herself at all. When I was 2 years old, I was admitted into the hospital and told that I had bronchitis. She was the one who took up the responsibility to take care of me, staying in the ward with me even when she was pregnant with my brother. A mother’s love is indeed instinctual, unconditional and forever for her child. The closest person when I was young was my dad. He was the one who would patiently read me poems and stories when I was a baby. Whenever he got back from his work, he would snuggle me in his arms and sing me nursery rhymes. But as I age and hit puberty, our relationship drifted apart. I stopped having physical contacts with dad. Perhaps I was shy since I started noticing changes between females and males. However, the love I had for dad has never changed. Instead of expressing, it lays hidden. Ever heard of love and hate and relationship? Well, that’s the relationship I have with my 17 years old brother. When we were young, we were like cats and dogs, fighting for toys, practically we fight for everything even until today. Even so, blood is thicker than water. Whenever we face any problems in life, we would console each other, and of course be there for each other. My brother and I have one thing in common, that is we love playing computer games. Whenever there’s free time, both of us would spend time playing Blackshot together either as team mates or rival to kill the time. Which girl would ever play computer games? That’s the common question whenever I come across to any of my friends. Well, that would be me. The reason why am I so boyish is because when I was a toddler, I mixed mostly with my cousin brothers. When I finally got into a primary school, my friends were all boys, because they were less dramatic. During the recess time, the boys would invite me to the field for football. Overtime, my character died hard and hence the boyishness and clumsiness. I love to read since I started my high school. According to one of my Indian good friend, my English was very bad when I was in form 1. We still laugh about it today whenever she tells the story of me speaking broken English in class. I started mixing around with the English educated friends to improve my English. Whenever I’ve difficulty understanding any English vocabulary, I would reach out to my friends and ask for an explanation. Furthermore, I started to build up the interest in reading. In the year 2008, when I was in my form 3, Twilight Saga had become famous as a romance novel about vampire love story. Since then, I started to have crazy fantasies of becoming a vampire as I could be an immortal and that I could keep my youth forever. As silly as I could be, reality is always cruel. No one can ever live as an immortal. Everyone’s life will come to an end eventually when the time comes. Well, that’s my autobiography, a really simple one but of course, there’s much more in life that I couldn’t express in words here in this essay. I believe nobody is perfect. Everyone has their own flaws, so do I. Life is just like a roller coaster with ups and downs. It just boils down to every individual on how they deal with it. Last but not leaset, I would like to end with a favourite quote of mine about life, â€Å"Life doesn’t require that we be the best, only that we try our best. †- H. Jackson Brown, Jr. How to cite Family and Tan Ling Wei, Essays

Military Spending And Cost Analysis Essay Research free essay sample

Military Spending And Cost Analysis Essay, Research Paper Introduction: Waste IN THE PENTAGONS BUDGETMany in Congress and the Department of Defense ( DoD ) argue that there is non a penny to save in the Pentagons budget and that the armed forces is right on the border of holding deficient capacity to run into the security threats to this state. There are many expensive and unneeded arms systems initiated to contend the Cold War that drag on due to bureaucratism at a cost of one million millions of dollars yearly to Americans. In add-on to these uneconomical purchases, a reappraisal of the present military budget shows monolithic waste in other countries, including: # 183 ; Corporate subsidies to defence contractors of about $ 10 billion yearly. # 183 ; An antediluvian and ill administered accounting system ensuing in 10s of one million millions of extra purchases, extra stock lists, and unneeded disbursement by the DoD. # 183 ; Undertakings inserted into the defence budget by lawgivers purpose on procuring reelection from particular invo lvement lobbyists. Excerpt taken from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fas.orgUS Military SpendingOver the last decennary, our defence budget has merely decreased to a 3rd of what it was during the Cold War. During the tallness of the Cold War our defence budget was over $ 400 billion yearly in current dollars. Our current Budget for FY 2000 is merely a mere $ 290.6 billion. Last hebdomad the Joint Chiefs had attempted to do damagess with congressional leaders sing the DoD budget, saying that our preparedness has been brought to that of pre-World War II epoch. Essay: As the twenty-first century begins the United States faces an unsure security environment. The menace of planetary war remains distant with the ruin of the Soviet Union, and an terminal to Communism in Eastern Europe. The U.S. economic system continues to boom, relationships with cardinal Alliess, such as NATO spouses, Japan, South Korea, and others are strong and go oning to accommodate successfully to run into today s challenges. Forme r antagonists like Russia and other former members of the Warsaw Pact, now cooperate with the United States across a scope of security issues. Many in the universe see the United States as a Global Police Force. This is apparent in our continued presence in such hot spots as the Demilitarized Zone surrounding North and South Korea, the purely enforced No-Fly Zones in Iraq, and our continued peace maintaining attempts in the Balkans.Current Security ChallengesDespite these developments in the international environment, the universe is still a complex and unsafe topographic point. While there is great uncertainness about how the United States will confront important security challenges in the coming old ages. It can be noted that there is no longer the fright of onslaught from any major World power. Our primary concern now is the menace of an onslaught from any figure of rogue states, states that may non hold the work force, or military to take a fully fledged onslaught on the United States. Some of the types of menaces that still threaten universe peace are described within the following few pages.Cross Border ConflictsSome states will go on to endanger the territorial sovereignty of other states in parts critical to our national involvements. In Iraq, Saddam Hussein continues to present a menace to his neighbours and to the free flow of oil from the part. North Korea still poses a extremely unpredictable menace in malice of its desperate economic and human-centered conditions. Other provinces could be attackers as good. In East Asia, for illustration, sovereignty issues and several territorial differences remain possible beginnings of struggle. Many cases of cross boundary line aggression will be little in graduated table, in the coming old ages it is wholly possible that more than one regional power will hold both the motive and the agencies to present a military menace to U.S. interests.Conflict Within a NationPolitical force other than cross boundary line f orce can besides endanger U.S. involvements. This includes civil wars, internal aggression ( i.e. by a province against its ain people or by one cultural group against another. Such as the et hnic cleansing brought on by Slobodan Milosevic ) armed rebellions, and civil perturbations. These events can endanger U.S. involvements because they may distribute beyond the persons involved, conveying intercession by outside powers, affect U.S. economic involvements, or put at hazard the safety and good being of American citizens in the part. Even when of import U.S. involvements such as oil, or the safety of American Citizens in the part are non threatened, the United States has a human-centered involvement in protecting the safety, good being, and freedom of the people affected. This is one of our primary grounds for moving as the premier peacekeeping force in the Balkans. Dangerous Military TechnologiesThe development, industry and usage of advanced arms and engineerings with military or terrorist utilizations, including atomic, chemical, or biological arms ( NBC ) and their agencies of deployment will go on despite the best attempts of the international community to hold such cases. The industry and usage of these arms and engineerings could straight endanger the United States, destabilise other parts of national involvement, and increase the figure of possible antagonists with important military capablenesss, including smaller provinces and parties hostile to the United States and our Alliess. The increasing spread of military engineerings besides raises the potency for countermeasures to U.S. capablenesss, as enemies could try to utilize these arms and engineerings to destabilise or current overpowering military capability.What is of peculiar concern is the turning menace of a ballistic missile onslaught on the United States. The menace of missile onslaught, which was one time thought to be distant, is turning significantly as rogue states such as North Korea and Iran seek to develop and export long scope ballistic missile capablenesss. Although the figure of ballistic missiles of such states capable of making U.S. dirt is good under the 10s of 1000s that the Soviet Union possessed at the tallness of the cold war, the menace of merely one making the United States is still at that place. Furthermore, the possibility of an unauthorised or inadvertent launch from Russia or the Peoples Republic of China remains a existent concern ; it has become overpoweringly less likely. Multinational ThreatsThe huge scope of states or persons that can impact U.S. and planetary security and the stableness will probably turn in its capableness and figure. Increasingly capable and violent terrorists, Osama Bin Laden for illustration, have straight threatened the lives of American citizens and their establishments and will seek to sabotage U.S. po licies and confederations. Terrorist onslaughts, such as the bombardments of the U.S. Embassies in East Africa or the Trade Center bombing in New York will be directed non merely against U.S. citizens and Alliess abroad but besides against U.S. district. The agencies employed by terrorists could include conventional onslaughts, information warfare, or even NBC arms. These onslaughts can be done independently or with the backup of their respectable state ( perchance in response to conventional struggle with the United States elsewhere in the universe ) and will be progressively sophisticated in propaganda, and political operations. Illegal drug trade, buccaneering, international organized offense and activities aimed at denying U.S. entree to vital energy supplies and cardinal strategic resources will function to sabotage the legitimacy of friendly authoritiess. This may besides interrupt cardinal parts vital to national involvement, sea-lanes, trade paths, and endanger the safety an d good being of U.S. citizens at place and abroad.Humanitarian ReliefHumanitarian crises can besides impact U.S. involvements and has been critical in the support of our military. Failed authoritiess, inundations, dearths, hurricanes, and other catastrophes will go on to happen, at times necessitating the alone capablenesss of U.S. military forces and those of the United Nations to supply stableness, catastrophe alleviation, and other signifiers of exigency aid.

The Proctors servant Essay Example For Students

The Proctors servant Essay Abigail accuses Elizabeth of witchcraft after she supposedly used a poppet to harm Abigail. Reverend Hale found a poppet with a needle in it at the Proctors house although really it belonged to Mary Warren, the Proctors servant, who was also in the group of girls led by Abigail. She had put the needle into the poppet for safekeeping. Elizabeth was arrested immediately and Proctor forced Mary Warren to tell the court her story and that Elizabeth was innocent. Much of the tension and dramatic conflict comes from Proctors hesitation and reluctance to visit Salem and to denounce Abigail Williams as a fraud to free his wife. The court didnt believe Mary because the girls pretended that Marys spirit was attacking them and they became hysterical. We will write a custom essay on The Proctors servant specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now John Proctor was outraged and declared Abigail a whore because everyone always seemed to believe her. He was willing to lose complete respect of the people of Salem just to set his wife free and declare that he committed lechery with Abigail. The court didnt believe him and sent in Elizabeth who lied about his affair with Abigail to protect his name. Suddenly Mary Warren accused John Proctor of dealing with the devil and that he had came to the court to overthrow it. John Proctor was then arrested and this led to his execution. Mary Warren had betrayed him. John Proctor also has respect for Reverend Hale as he also secretly was against the witchcraft trials. Ive heard you to be a sensible man, Mr Hale. I hope youll leave some of it in Salem. This also reinforces the fact that he thinks nearly everyone is turning insane due to the trials in Salem.  Reverend Hale also had respect for Proctor and shown this near the end of the play. When Proctor tears up his confession Reverend Hale exclaims Man you will hang you cannot ! This obviously shows that Hale didnt want Proctor to die. When Proctor tore up his confession he showed that he had great courage because he knew he was going to die but preferred death to the shame of signing a confession that completely wasnt true of him dealing with the Devil. He is a complex character who is respected in his town. Proctor shows this when he signs his confession and Parris says, It is a weighty name; it will strike the village that Proctor confess. He would lose that respect of the people in Salem, which would be very important to him and obviously preferred death to it. In response to Hales exclamation he retorted, I can. And theres your first marvel, that I can. You have made your magic now, for now I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor. Not enough to weave a banner with, but white enough to keep it from such dogs.  In my view, to conclude this, John Proctor is a very good man who certainly isnt afraid to speak for what he believes in, even if it means losing his life. If I was him I certainly wouldnt have chosen to die but I respect him for that decision. In this play, it shows that he effectively had been through a crucible, not for purifying metals, but for purifying people; from the adulterer to the good man that hung with Martha Corey and Rebecca Nurse.

Mixed Ability Classes and How Teachers Can Face This Challenge

Mixed Ability Classes and How Teachers Can Face This Challenge Introduction Mixed ability classes and teaching is a kind of education strategy where students can work together with teachers despite the differences in individual skills, personal interests, personalities and learning needs. Despite the fact that most classes are often multi-level, instructors, particularly the less experienced find giving instruction to such classes a very tasking job.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mixed Ability Classes and How Teachers Can Face This Challenge specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The work of lesson planning for every student as determined by the different learning abilities and styles is quite challenging. The teaching styles have to correspond to the students’ capabilities and learning styles, but the classes often have a great variation in these abilities. Nonetheless, non-homogeneous class can be looked at in a positive manner because it serves as trigger for instructorsâ €™ professional growth and development. This is because it calls for the use of a variety of strategies, teaching styles, responsibilities and interaction patterns. Theoretical Framework Mixed-ability classes are groupings of students who have greatly varying capabilities, motivation for learning, experiences, interests, learning needs, learning styles, Language, cultural background among other characteristics (Baker 2002, p. 25). These classes are also multileveled hence pose varying degrees of challenge to the teacher based on how multileveled they are (Baker 2002, p. 45). It’s pertinent to distinguish between the mixed ability classes and teaching because whereas the class could be mixed in terms of the student abilities, the teachers may not be employing mixed ability teaching styles. Common Challenges as a result of the differences in class include; Getting all the students to pay attention, learn and take part in class Avoid boring the fast learners (Tomlinson 2005 , p. 262) Avoiding loosing focus as younger students or slow learners can feel intimidated by stronger learners Planning different activities for the varied needs of the learners Grouping may demean weaker students and may refuse to go to lower groups Ireson and Hallam (2003, p. 56) proposed that instructors needed to appreciate the different or varied abilities of the students because it is natural for children to develop at different rates. As a result, the student would prefer different thing ranging from learning styles and how they present they work.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All the students would demonstrate a range of abilities with strengths at different times of study sometimes based on the topic under study or the style of teaching being used (Ireson Hallam 2001, p. 56). When students are taught with their preferred style of learning, they are likely to pe rform just as good. Regardless of the place or the type if school, the existence of mixed ability classes are inevitable. Each individual has unique characteristics and need which are very different from the rest of the students in several aspects (Ireson Hallam 2001, p. 57). Gender, attitudes, intelligence, confidence, motivation, language development, ethnicity, age and culture play a very big role in determining the learning preferences of each student. Teachers should consider all the different factors and assess particular situations of different groups. The ultimate objective is to ensure that all the students make progress in academic performance (Tomlinson 2005, p. 262). This means, teachers have to make the most for this to take place and it entail monitoring and detecting differences among the students. Baker (2002, p. 45) gives an argument that, teaching was not all about having children in class that is the challenge but that each of the required attention because of th e differ ability level. She further explains that keeping the student attentive to the lesion was very difficult in such classes. They can generally have poor motivation and can get frustrated because, the poor students may not be attended to because of time constraints (Baker 2002, p. 45). Additionally, the learning style may not match the teaching approach and the students many seem uncooperative and lose attention easily hence precipitating into commotion in the class. Lesson planning and preparation of teaching material consume a lot of time for the different students. This could sometimes make the teachers feel inadequately prepared and not able to cope with the class as Hess (2001, p, 78) identifies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mixed Ability Classes and How Teachers Can Face This Challenge specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Teaching a mixed ability class can be taught efficiently when the teacher appreciates that the whole class cannot be taught by controlling the class from the front. The students are well taught if they are they are permitted to learn as individuals (Hess 2001, p, 78). However, this may fail when the teacher insists on teaching the students as a group of homogenous individuals or average students. It would be unrealistic to expect that students with different capabilities to learn through the lesson and curriculum at the same pace (Susan Judith 2005, p. 5). Important Factors for Working with Mixed-ability Classes Creating a Proper Atmosphere It is pertinent that the teacher creates positive learning atmosphere where students can feel relaxed and at ease to express their strengths and weaknesses (Hess 2001, p, 78). There is a very strong connection between a good class atmosphere, good behaviour and classroom management. In order to create the best learning environment, it’s pertinent that the teacher establishes a good relationship with the students. For inst ance, the teacher can ensure that he/she learns the names of the students fast enough and also find out more information on their lives, cultures, language, weaknesses and interests (Susan Judith 2005, p. 6). This can be done in the initial stages of the class where students can be asked to write detailed essay about themselves. Anxiety could be a barrier for the students (Brown 2002, p. 76) especially when they are afraid of making mistakes in the class and be laughed at by the rest of the students. Teachers should not depend so much on the precision but to concentrate on individual competence and develop situations with composed and welcoming environment. The students will be made to know that it is usual to make mistakes and it was part of learning. The teacher should set the rules for learning to the students. Organization is important for the good atmospheres (Brown 2002, p. 76). The teacher should explain the importance if each lesson with objectives clearly outlined. Clear i nstructions should be given to the students at the beginning of each lesson. Assessment is very important for the teacher as it will him/her to find out how the lesson went on and how to improve.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Responsibility for Students It is important to make students be part of the process of assessing learning by creating small discussion groups with the instructor. For instance the instructor can discuss with the students how the assignment went and the issues that could be improved among others. Brown 2002, p. 67 stresses the significance of assisting students in identifying their learning strategies to enable them to develop better study skills that work best for them. Hess (2001, p. 78) insists on the importance of collaboration and cooperation especially where they monitor their own work, their classmates’ and give feedback. This would allow them to take responsibilities. Clear Instruction This is one of the best means of dealing with mixed ability classes in terms of teaching. The instructor should present easy instructions as this would make students decipher the meaningfulness of the instructions faster (Brown 2002, p. 61). Tasks can be introduced by use of different me thods so that various students’ abilities can be addressed (Baker 2002, p. 45). When the teacher explains concepts, it is proper that he/she uses proper, relevant and concrete illustrations. The various methods of teaching reinforce the students’ ability to understand (Brown 2002, p. 69). After the instruction, teachers should allow their students some time to think them over and even discuss with their classmates and ask for clarifications. It is also appropriate for the instructor to plan complex tasks in manageable steps because unclear presentation of tasks to students or ambiguous instructions can result into more problems. Some of the students could find the lesson too hard (Hess 2001, p, 78), some could even give up trying while a few would be comfortable. Motivation and Differentiation Leiding 2002, p. 37, categorically explains that the personal interests of the students, their experiences, emotions and ideas should be incorporated into lesson plans. Extensive has been conducted on the significance of considering these aspects and the results indicate that they are likely to develop better understanding when teaching is based in their internal motivation (Tomlinson 2005, p. 262). It was traditionally thought when teachers insist on the experiences and interests of their students as well as on prior knowledge was a disregard of scientific methods. Currently, these considerations have the backing of cognitive research which has demonstrated that learning was a process of constructing meaning out on new information or unfamiliar events with regard to familiar ideas and experiences (Leiding, 2002, p. 38). Teachers should also make use of student –centres activities and the content of instruction should be based on the learning needs of the students. This can be achieved by allowing them to freely express themselves when learning like in writing or speaking. This could be about event their watched or experiences they went through. Hess , 2001, p. 79 emphasizes that students should share their opinions in class as they connect and related to their experiences, this should also be done with regard to their future plans. Differentiation is used for motivate students and this can be done in three aspects of education; the teaching material, the process of teaching and the product. Material can be differentiated in terms of visual, audio or both presentations (Tomlinson 2001, p. 67). The process can be class discussions, group works, individual assignments etc. the product can be differentiated based on how students are able to present what they learned like in a test or an examination. Solutions to Specific Challenges in Mixed Ability Classes In order to give children a chance to benefit from the lesson being taught, it is paramount to consider the differences among them in lesson plan preparation and implementation. In order to even plan for future classes (Baker 2002, p. 48), the teachers need to understand the poss ible challenges and the possible best solutions for multi-ability classes. Some of the challenges are already highlighted in previous paragraphs, however, these are the solutions to some of them; Resources and materials for teaching Most learning material like text books and curricula are developed and designed for average students and for homologous classes. For the multi-ability class, students respond differently to these materials (Leiding 2002, p. 38). This means the teacher will difficulty in finding the appropriate teaching material to fit needs of the class. The solution would be to adapt some material from elsewhere to address these needs like simplifying the language (Baker 2002, p. 56). The teacher can design new material to use for teaching like using pictures to illustrate objects in class. Tasks for students Some weaker students could find course book homework very difficult. As a result they often fail to carry out their assignments hence lag behind as the teacher mov es ahead with other students (Susan Judith 2005, p. 9). In order to ensure that these students get to learn as well, the teacher can develop easier version of the same home work for them (Hess 2001, p, 81). The teacher can give cues to help students to figure out for themselves how to do the homework like reducing multiple choices which could be confusing. The instructor can encourage group work and open ended tasks which will allow students independence to express their opinions and work at their own paces. Individual strengths, needs and interests In a multi-ability class each student has his/her own interests and needs and this is what builds their attitude towards learning and the instructor. The teacher may fail to know the interests, strengths and needs of his/her students. This will mean there will be no connection among them and they will not blend well in class (Leiding 2002, p. 38). The solution is that the teacher should take interest in the students’ likes and di slikes, language abilities and culture. He/she may try to find out the topics or subjects that interest each student hence derive their possible interest from this. Engaging students in a wide range of activities and assessing them would help the teacher to identify the strengths of the students based on their involvement and performance (Hess 2001, p, 82). Participation because of language development differences and prior knowledge, the level of participation in class activities is often varied because some students lack confidence while other are pushy and pestering ready to express themselves. The teacher can solve the problem of variation by employing different activities in the lesion to match different intelligences (Brown 2002, p. 73). The teacher should not concentrate only on the extrovert students but also call on the shy ones to contribute their opinions. Student groups should be mixed as well. Conclusion In education, working with mixed abilities classes in particular, the teacher is an important element. This is because she/he is the manager of the classroom and therefore in charge. The teacher can determine whether the instruction achieves the objectives of learning or not. The difference students all depend on the direction of the teacher. This is the reason why, the strengths and weaknesses of the students in mixed ability class can be addressed specifically by developing good atmosphere, introducing motivation, responsibility and given children personal responsibilities. Adopting a flexible methodology of teaching mixed ability classes is the most challenging undertaking for teachers, they have to invest a lot of time and energy in designing lesson plans and they are required to learn new management an organizational skills an undertaking that could stretch beyond their pedagogical skills. Reference List Baker J. 2000. The English Language Teacher’s Handbook: How to Teach Large Classes with Few Resources. New York: Continum: London: Ca ssel Brown D.H. 2002. Strategies for Success: A Practical Guide to Learning English. New York: Longman Hess N. 2001. Teaching Large Multilevel Classes, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Ireson I., Hallam, S. 2001. Ability Grouping In Education, London: Paul Chapman Publishing Leiding D. 2002. The Won’t Learners: An Answer to Their Cry. Lanham: Scarecrow Press Susan H. Judith I. 2005. Secondary School Teachers Pedagogic Practices When Teaching Mixed And Structured Ability Classes, Research Papers In Education, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 3-24 Tomlinson C. A. (2005). Grading and Differentiation: Paradox or Good Practice? Theory into Practice, 44(3), 262-269 Tomlinson C. 2001. How to Differentiate Instruction in Mixed-Ability Classrooms, Alexandria, VA: ASCD Professional

Healthcare Organization Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Healthcare Organization Management - Essay Example For a health care administrator, it is clear to utilize a strategy that assesses policies within the environment of the organization. Each organization faces different challenges. One of the heavy reflections that was taken from the article is the administration of Social Security within the context of HIPAA. This strategy is more for a standardized approach and does not cater to an individual organization. Hence, a more integrated approach is needed in order to understand and acknowledge the perspectives all stakeholders is illogical because every case is different. This article is relevant because it discusses the intricacies of healthcare field, which is the focal point of discussion in our class. Since this class discusses the impacts of healthcare, it is highly crucial to understand the current environment of healthcare and how it correlates with this discussion. processes are placed. Another important aspect within the realm of 120,000 eligible healthcare professionals and more than 3,300 hospitals have qualified to participate, which allows a seamless access of patients to extract their information online â€Å"outpatient lab reporting† as a menu option for hospitals and â€Å"recording clinical notes† as a menu objective for both physicians and hospitals. Stageful 2 is a supplementary transition for organizations from stageful. The purpose is to also facilitate regulation in an organizational environment. One thing I took away from the article is that in order to be more lucrative in this field, education is extremely

International Business Finance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Business Finance - Case Study Example There is transfer of technology between the subsidiaries and the parent firm in the joint venture and the industrial output of the joint venture. Therefore the following can be noted from the joint venture under the strategic option 1. In this multinational capital budgeting there are various factors as well as assumptions that were taken into consideration to determine the expected returns from the joint venture from the parent’s firm perspective. First and foremost the exchange rates fluctuations were taken into account especially when converting the subsidiary earnings into the parent firm’s reporting currency. Given that is challenging to precisely estimate the rates of exchange rates, the determination of the expected returns in pounds were established using the spot exchange rate of  £0.8410/â‚ ¬. Besides, the cost of inflation was taken into account which was charged on the cost of operations to incorporate the depreciation rates and the interest rates on loans based in Germany borrowing rates. Even though the prediction of costs or price completely takes into account the inflation, the rates of inflation rates at tikes can be volatile from one year to another for some states (Madura, 201 1; p. 49). Hence the cost of inflation from the Germany perspective was taken to be 2.5%. Lastly, the financial arrangements were put into account. These include the costs of finance which is captured by the rate of discount and the taxation rate. Nonetheless, when the foreign based projects are partly financed using the subsidiaries in the foreign nations, a more precise strategy is applied to distinguish the investment in the subsidiary and openly take into account the loan repayment of the foreign loans as cash outflows. Moreover, the returns from the Germany were not taxed due to the double taxation treaty that exists between Germany and United Kingdom. The following calculations can be noted under strategic option One; the

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Political Science - Essay Example From this research, found out and made very remarkable conclusion. It is well beyond reasonable doubt that indeed there is a relationship that exists between the level of illiteracy of nations with positive environment for democracy to be effectively exercised and flourish. This statistical analysis certainly supported the hypothesis test under scrutiny in this research. Undoubtedly, we realize from the data analyzed that there is a negative relationship between the level of illiteracy and democracy I nations. This proves the hypothesis that countries with higher literacy rates are more democratic than those with lower literacy rates. This paper makes a conclusion that the obvious implication of this finding is that as nations strive to eradicate illiteracy, there is creation of awareness among the citizens regarding their freedoms, rights and obligations as citizens. Moreover, this research is instrumental in promoting democracy in developing worlds. This is because it digs deep to the root causes of tyranny and the rise of despotic and rebel movements in this states. While illiteracy alone does not stand to eradicate he democracy problem in these countries, it is a sure leap in ensuring that democracy is sustained and the long term even in countries where the voters are least concerned with the essence of the voting exercise. Eradicating illiteracy is a sure fire way of reawakening societies and letting the citizens understand the real issues of the society. Finally, this research is a proof that indeed literacy eradication is vital if developing nations wish to propel themselves in economic development.

Magazine Advertisement The Main Target Objective Marketing Essay

Magazine Advertisement The Main Target Objective Marketing Essay The main target objective for advertisement through flyer is to promote the product, which is the Fipper. The distribution of flyer is to give message to target consumers about the latest promotion which is with every 2 pairs purchase of Fipper slipper, buyer will able to get RM3 discount for the 2nd pair of Fipper slipper. This promotion is targeted to consumer within area of 50 selected flagship outlets all around Malaysia. During this advertising campaign, there will be 50,000 copies of promotion flyers will be distribute to these resident areas, which means there will be as much as 1000 copies of flyers distribute to each selected flagship outlets area. The flyer has stated that the discount promotion will be start on 1st May 2013 to 31st May 2013. That means the advertising will be run for 31 days constantly. The objective of having this promotion is to increase range of audience and attract more customers to go to the Fipper outlets. This promotion only generate small amount of profit but it is a good way to target customers which are going to give a first try on Fippers product. By delivering a great positive post-consume evaluation, this discount promotion enables Fipper to put up long-term relationship with its regular customers and having better opportunity getting market share from other competitors. Magazine Advertisement: The main target objective for advertisement through this advertising medium is to attract magazine readers to the products. This is also because magazines advertisement can last very well in long-term since a magazine can be use as long as it is useable unlike flyer. For this advertisement, there will be 3 different sizes of magazines advertisement to be used, which are full page size, half page size and quarter page size. The best magazine to insert the Fipper advertisement into the magazine page is SEVENTEEN magazine Malaysia. The reason is because Fipper is target from teenage to young adult consumer and should be advertise through magazines that target in the same age group. This advertisement will be scheduled in the duration of 5 months starting from May issue until September issue. A full page size of Fipper ads will be used for the May and June issue of SEVENTEEN magazine Malaysia, half page for July and August issue and quarter size for September issue. These 3 different siz es of ads will also be appear in different design and layout for each size but primarily will promote the Fipper latest product such as the Fipper Canvas. Advertisement will be designed according to teenagers and young adult personalities to have higher rate of readers or audiences. Newspaper Advertisement: The main target of newspaper advertisement is to give information about the Fipper sales promotion and promote one of the Fipper products, which is the Fipper Comfort. The price for 2 Fipper Comfort is RM51.80 but will have 10% discount during promotion period which make it only RM46.60. This promotion is recommended for consumers who are seeking for a extra softness and comfort for their feet. This promotion with the strategy of buy more for more discounts will persuade the consumers to buy more products of Fipper. This strategy enables Fipper to increase their sales in other products such as Fipper Classic and Fipper Slick. The lower profit of product does not affect the profit in overall sales with higher selling rate even there is a discount. New Straits Times Newspaper has been chosen in advertising Fippers promotion. The reason New Straits Times Newspaper has been chosen is because it is one of the highest readership among all the newspapers and it may be the most efficient medium ads for Fipper to promote its brand and deliver the message of the advertiser to its target consumers. The length of period for advertisement in New Straits Times Newspaper is 3 days in row corresponding towards the sales promotion by the Fipper. That means within the 3 days of promotion, the advertisement will be appear in New Straits Times Newspaper which will be on 16 May, 17 May and 18 May 2013. New Straits Times is the perfect newspaper to advertise the Fipper promotion because it is one of the highest readership media in Malaysia and also target for younger consumer such as young adult. This is also because since it only last for 3 days, daily newspaper should able to deliver the message because it is published daily rather than like mag azine which monthly. Billboard: The main target objective for advertisement through billboard is to promote and to give impact to road user about the Fipper product. The advertisement which published on billboard on the road side does not only include the messages of latest product of Fipper but it is also to remind the road user about the brand and grab attention of road user. Through the use of billboard advertisement, brand recognition among consumers will be increased. The great brand recognition of Fipper will reach the objectives of increasing sales and generating profits. Spectrum Outdoor Marketing has been selected in the billboard advertising company. This is because Spectrum Outdoor Marketing billboard advertising company is one of the most famous billboard suppliers in Malaysia and it has the biggest coverage on road side billboard along the South-East Highway. The advertisement duration for Fipper on billboard has been set to 3 months. The venue of the billboard will be placed at South-East Highway in Kuala Lumpur area because Kuala Lumpur is the most populated place in Malaysia and there is high number of road user go through Kuala Lumpur. Television Commercial (TVC): The main target advertising through TVC is to provide information about Fipper to mass audience and at the same time to persuade audience for the purchasing Fippers product. The use of TVC is the most effective way to reach to high population of mass audience and delivering the message in an interesting way which include of moving images, sound effects, music, and subtitle. Besides that, the background music and sound effects that being used in TVC will create an opportunity for Fipper to be recognized by audience. 8TV is selected by Fipper to advertise their TVC because most of the audiences of 8TV are from youngster and they are the demographically main target audience in the Fippers target segmentation. The advertisement on 8TV can be considered as the most efficient way to reach to the main target consumers for Fipper. The TVC scheduling for Fipper are set and to be advertised on 8TV in week days. Due to the high cost of TVC advertisement, the advertisement of Fipper will appear on 8TV for 3 days in a week. The advertisement will be last for 1 month, which is from 1st May 2013 until 31st May 2013. The time slots taken for Fipper would be in afternoon starting from 2pm until 4pm and in night from 7pm until 10pm. The frequency for the TVC will once for each session which will appear 2 times every day for 31 days. Web: The web will also be used as advertisement medium for Fipper product. The reason that web used for advertisement is because it can deliver the message to mass consumer than any other type of advertisement medium. It is also the best way to approach audience since the target consumer which age group is between 13 and 30 years old use internet very frequently nowadays. MSN Malaysia webpage will be used as advertisement site for the Fipper products because it is used by large amount of internet surfer. This method will able to deliver its advertisement message to target audience effectively. The time slot for this advertisement will be starting from the first week of May which is 1st May until 2nd week of May which is 14th May 2013. Therefore, it is a total of 14 days of advertisement execution. The advertisement will promote the benefit of Fipper products from other competitors and giving a positive way towards Fipper products from audiences perspective. This will show the uniqueness of Fipper and consumer able to differentiates it from other products brand.

Irony in Oedipus the King Essay -- Oedipus Rex, Sophocles

Irony in Oedipus Rex Oedipus Rex, by the Greek playwright Sophocles, is, without a doubt, one of the greatest examples of dramatic irony. There are many instances where the audience knows so much more than the main characters, and Sophocles uses irony to point to Oedipus as Laius' murderer as well. Additionally, Oedipus is most definitely a tragic hero-he had a tragic flaw, namely that he was relentless and often rash in his search for the truth about Laius' death and his killer; this ultimately lead to Oedipus' own destruction. He also refuses to compromise or humble himself before others and stubbornly refuses to allow others to express different opinions from their own. Oedipus is so arrogant and self-confident that he challenges the will of the gods (hence, the entire basis of the play). One of the early examples of dramatic irony in the play is during the scene in which Oedipus accuses Creon of plotting against him with Teiresias, an old, blind prophet. Creon is a great friend to Oedipus, and Teiresias, by at first refusing to reveal the murderer is trying to p...

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

Name: Soumya Prem Roll no: 20120119150 Uncertainty reduction theory – Charles Berger and Richard Calabrese This theory explains how communication is used to reduce the uncertainty among people when they meet each other for the first time. It is assumed that when strangers meet, their primary objective is to reduce uncertainty about the other person involved in the interaction. We always want to reduce the uncertainties about our surroundings and the people in it since being uncertain about anything is not a pleasant feeling to have.Berger proposed that there are 3 factors that influence whether people will want to work towards reducing uncertainties about a certain situation.1. Anticipation of future interaction – You will try to reduce uncertainties if you know there is a possibility of meeting this person again. Therefore, you are more likely to use uncertainty reduction behaviour when you meet someone at a party that you might be interested in.2. Incentive value – If this person is capable to doing something for you or against you even, then there are higher chances of yo u trying to reduce uncertainties.3. Deviance – If the person behaves oddly and shows some bizarre characteristics, you are likely to use uncertainty reduction. For example if you meet a new prospective client whom you have to meet in the future and could give your company a new project and has a strange fascination for the colour purple, you would be interested in communicating more to fit the pieces of the jigsaw puzzle together to get to know who she really is. There are 3 ways to seek information from the other person-1. Passive Strategy – Observing someone without being observed2. Active Strategy – Asking a third party for more information3.Interactive Strategy – Obtaining information directly by asking questions and offering personal information about yourselfA demonstration of this can be seen in this scene from a very famous Hollywood movie ‘Hitch’ where Will Smith’s character tries to seek more information about Sara Melas at a bar where in he uses all the strategies mentioned above for interaction. Berger proposes a series of 8 axioms to explain the connection between uncertainty and eight key variables of relationship development which areVerbal communication -As the amount of verbal communication increases, the level of uncertainty decreases. As uncertainty decreases, the amount of verbal communication increases.Non verbal warmth – As nonverbal warmth increases, uncertainty levels decreases in a situation. In turn a decrease in uncertainty level will cause an increase in nonverbal warmth.Information seeking –When uncertainty is more, the tendency to seek information increases. As uncertainty decreases, information seeking behaviour decreases.Self disclosure – When uncertainty levels are high, the levels of intimacy in communication is less. As uncertainty reduces the level of intimacy increases.Reciprocity – Higher the uncertainty, higher the reciprocity. Lower the uncertain ty, lower the reciprocity.Similarity – Similarities between people decreases uncertainty, while dissimilarities increases uncertainty.Liking – Increase in uncertainty decreases liking and decrease in uncertainty increases liking.Shared networks – If there are shared networks among the two people like common friends then uncertainty is less and vice versa.Uncertainty reduction theory in movies – Meet the parentsMeeting someone for the first time can be a nerve racking experience for many. In this movie Greg is meeting his girlfriend’s parents for the first time. Jack, Pam’s father is overly protective of his daughter. He constantly mocks Greg’s choice of occupation as a nurse and makes him uncomfortable in a lot of situations with an intention to keep him away from his daughter. Greg tries to impress Jack from time to time but nothing seems to work in his favour because Jack does not show any liking towards him. Jack’s verbal ou tput, nonverbal cues and constant information seeking causes Greg to fear him.Consequently, there is never a stable interaction between Jack and Greg as there is a lot of uncertainty between them. Applications of Uncertainty Reduction theory In an article titled ‘Interactive Uncertainty Reduction Strategies and Verbal Affection in Computer-Mediated Communication’ published by Marjolijn L. Antheunis, Alexander P. Schouten, Patti M. Valkenburg and Jochen Peter, they investigated the language-based strategies that computer-mediated communication (CMC) users employ to reduce uncertainty in the absence of nonverbal cues.CMC condition had i. Higher levels of intimacy than face to face condition ii. More affection statements than face to face condition iii. There was no observed differences between text-only CMC and visual CMC condition In another article titled ‘The Acquaintanceship Process: An Examination of Uncertainty, Information Seeking, and Social Attraction durin g Initial Conversation’ published by William Douglas, the relationship between uncertainty reduction, information seeking, and liking during unstructured initial interaction was studied.Analyses showed that Significant linear and quadratic trends in the uncertainty scores. Global uncertainty-related to uncertainty about the specific person after interaction and the amount of uncertainty reduction that they achieved. Uncertainty and liking were inversely correlated both before and after interaction. Global uncertainty -predictive of amount of information seeking Specific uncertainty -unrelated to the frequency of both asking questions and disclosing. Critique point of viewIt can be argued that reducing uncertainty about the self and another in an initial encounter might not be an individual's primary concern. A more primary goal would be to maximize relational outcomes. It is not always necessary to reduce uncertainties for obtaining your incentive from the other person. Also a want for information rather than lack of information is what promotes information-seeking in initial encounters with other people. Also one of the axioms states that as the level of uncertainty reduces, liking increases.This may not be necessarily true since there can be a situation where in after communicating you come to realise that the other person possesses qualities that you are not fond of or comfortable about. In this case, there will not be an increase in liking rather there is a possibility of the opposite, i. e. a decrease in liking.Scholarly article sources: http://crx. sagepub. com/content/21/2/154. abstracthttp://crx. sagepub. com/content/early/2011/06/01/0093650211410420. abstractOther sources: http://www. wikipedia. org/http://wikis. lib. ncsu. edu/index. php/Uncertainty_Reduction_Theoryhttp://www. youtube. com/

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Analysis

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Analysis Mahatma Gandhi was a ‘nonconsequentialist’ in his beliefs because he rejected consequential philosophy which insinuates that consequences of actions can appreciably justify the means. ‘Nonconsequentialism’ views morality from the actions and not the consequences.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to nonconsequential theory, one’s morality lies in his/her actions and not consequences of his/her actions for nothing good can come from immoral actions. Therefore, actions are ether right or wrong independent of the consequences, as good ends cannot justify any corrupt means. Allen argues that, â€Å"Gandhi is well known for his emphasis on the integral, mutually reinforcing relationship between means and ends because one cannot use impure or immoral means to achieve worthy goals† (3). Gandhi did not believe that an action is right if it promotes greatest good for the greatest number of people; far from it, he believed in moral actions that lead to the greatest good for all and this simple outright belief passes Gandhi for a nonconsequentialist. Deontological theory supports Mahatma Gandhi view of morality for it states that morality depends on the actions or motives of the people. The deontological theory is a nonconsequential theory that does not assess morality from the point of consequences rather it assesses morality from the actions or omissions. According to this theory, actions and rules are primary in determining morality in the society for deontologists argue that, actions are morally right or wrong based on commands from higher power or divine. In this case, Gandhi believed in divine obedience as a way of attaining the highest state of morality. Libertarian theory is also nonconsequential theory that supports Gandhi’s beliefs and arguments concerning morality. The the ory posits that policies are only morally right if they protect life, property and liberty of the people. Libertarians hold that freedom is inherent right of humanity, which guarantees life and property ownership, hence equality. Like libertarian theory, egalitarian theory supports the welfare of all in the society as depicted in the lifestyle of Gandhi when he fought for the freedom of the Indian masses. Gandhi is a virtue ethicist who observed virtues from the nonconsequential perspective. He believed that actions define morality in the society as depicted by his life philosophies. Gandhi informed many people about their rights, advocated for a peaceful society, demanded for equality, taught about goodwill living and divine morals.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gandhi argues that, â€Å"if I am accumulating wealth and power, my neighbor is in great need, and I do nothin g to help alleviate the suffering of the other, then I contribute to and am complicit in the violence of the status quo† (Allen 4). In the argument, Gandhi implies that it is immoral to amass wealth in the society without helping the unprivileged for it propagates inequality. In his argument that he does not believe in the doctrine of the greatest good for the greatest number, but greatest good for all, Gandhi depicts that he is a nonconsequentialist. This argument sets him apart from the consequential theorists who argue that any action is morally right if the end justify the means or satisfy greatest number of people. Consequential theories define morality from the consequences emanating from the actions for it does not matter whether the actions are morally right or wrong. Examining Gandhi’s life, he was a man who dedicated his life for the benefit of all humanity because he struggled to instill ethics in all aspects of society such as economic, political, social and spiritual spheres. He believed that ethics are fundamental principles that keep the society together for the benefit of all members. Allen, Douglas. â€Å"Mahatma Gandhi.† Routldge Philosophy. (203): 1-12

How to Write an Analytical Essay on Political and Economic Development in the Third World

How to Write an Analytical Essay on Political and Economic Development in the Third World Having students write analytical essays is a great way to ensure that they understand a topic. After all, the process of writing one involves a lot of research, close examination of facts, and critical thinking. Unfortunately, these essays differ from the usual pieces you write for other courses. You need to know how to effectively write one in order to secure a great grade. As overwhelmed as you may feel at the moment, writing an analytical essay, especially on a complex subject such as the political and economic development in the third world,   is not complicated if you take a structured approach to the assignment. The following lines detail a framework for crafting an excellent analytic essay that will impress your instructor and get you the grade you worked hard for. Preparation Read the assigned (or chosen) essay topic/question closely. Clarify any doubts before typing a single word as it will help you write more effectively. If your knowledge on the topic is limited, read a simple introduction online. This is necessary as the main purpose of an analytical essay is to make you think about the different aspects of your topic. For instance, for a topic related to the political and economic development in the third world, you may need to brush up on a few facts, such as the criteria used to categorize countries as underdeveloped, their history, currents issues and major trends within the scope of the topic. Pre-Writing This step involves making an outline of your essay. To pull this off, you need to determine two things: Topic You Will Write On Usually, the topic assigned will be a generalized and broad such as political and economic development in the third world. You will have to narrow down the specific aspect you wish to explore. Choose a topic that interests you, one that either you know a lot about or wish to investigate further because you like it. Just make sure it is a proper, plausible statement that can be researched. Thesis Statement The thesis statement in an analytical essay is the most crucial part. Since you are writing an analytical essay, you will be presenting an idea or a claim. This is your thesis. However, your goal is to make it original and insightful. You can explore a major cause and effect relationship, analyze a persistent problem or observe the causes of changing social/economic trends. Here are a few interesting thesis statements related to political and economic development in the third world: Rapid and unplanned urbanization in developing countries is a contributing factor to social instability. More transparency in governance will increase tax compliance in the developing world. Transnational crime is a $650 billion enterprise. A significant link exists between economic underdevelopment and transnational crime. These simply serve as examples for specific avenues you can explore. If you do choose one of these themes, you will have to write it in your own words. Creating Your First Draft Traditionally, there are three basic components of an analytical essay, and it is these you should be planning to write. The Introduction An introduction is where you present your main idea to the reader. This must be done in an efficient and intriguing manner. In this section, start with a hook that grabs attention, write your main thesis, and finally write how you intend to prove your thesis. Body This section will contain the evidence and examples you provide to back up your thesis statement. It is a good idea to limit yourself to three-five paragraphs. However, if you have more supportive evidence, you may exceed that limit with moderation. Remember: each paragraph should start with a sentence that informs the reader what the paragraph is about. Next, make your claim and finally back it up with researched evidence. The final sentence should tie in your first sentence with the supportive evidence you provide. Conclusion Briefly restate your main point in two to three sentences. You can include a quote or important statistic in order to further elucidate your conclusion. Follow this outline closely and you will be able to complete your assignment in no time. However, if your instructor has given his or her own outline and set of rules, be sure to follow them and combine the tips you read here if applicable. For further referencing purposes you may also check our 23 facts on political and economic development in the the third world, 20 topics on the subject and 1 sample essay. Best of luck on your next assignment and sincere wishes for a good grade.

Damelin Port Elizabeth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Damelin Port Elizabeth - Essay Example Insurance product offering are based on life, home and vehicles needs of a demographic, the home loan includes specially tailored products for certain category segments based on ownership patterns ranging from home owners to tenants and other liability protection as needed in that industry. Wachovia's auto loans segment has introduced ConceirgeClaim 2 service that guarantees auto repairs with 24 x 7 customer support. Health insurance include the standard long term health insurance for all micro segments, and introduces a more specialized Wachovia Health Advantage and Health Saving account 3 that work as retirement saving account and are tax advantaged for those looking for deeper involvement in their health insurance plan. Wachovia sets high standards for customer satisfaction as it designs fiscal category products designed on segments based upon demographic, psychological and behavioural profiles and its multiple needs. Wachovia's investment brokerage accounts provide for self-direc ted accounts and for those who need a constant financial advisor through their investments. The retirement planning products based on 20 - 70+ year demographics have specific programmes relevant to a certain age groups with updating schemes as certain class of consumers evolves through the age groups. Wachovia's planning guides 4 help establish future product offerings to current and potential customers by providing educational resources prompting smart fiscal decision making. The customers make informed purchases based on Wachovia's planning guide and this fosters trust and higher customer satisfaction since Wachovia's products are designed based on those needs. A cyclical loop of recurring business with target markets is established. Wachovia provides wealth management services and acting as an executor for the clients that have achieved a certain financial success and need more customized plans and deeper involvement from Wachovia. Services include financial and estate planning, investment and asset management as well as insurance and trust and philanthropic services. These functions are specialized and customized, hence, those that avail of these services get one of its kind deal based on their needs. The effective utilization of the "Next Logical Product" approach for achieving customer satisfaction and establishing relationship by Wachovia is reflected in its financial products. B) Wachovia segments its household market based on demographics, psychographics and behavioural classification. For personal finance, Wachovia offers a band of products based on psychographic needs ranging from those in campus to retirees in banking, insurance, investments, lending and retirement needs. In insurance Wachovia provides for life with standard across demographics and specialized tax saving health plans, home and auto needs segregate products based on ownership patterns (owners, tenants etc), financial rate preferences (fixed rate, 100% financing) and special needs based on the lifestyle of a target market. In banking, besides providing a free checking account, Wachovia also provides a free student checking account, Access Fifty Checking and Crown Classic Banking for those

Supply chain management of dunkin donuts (academic journal sources Essay - 1

Supply chain management of dunkin donuts (academic journal sources must be used) - Essay Example By 1960, Rosenberg founded The International Franchise Association, which today has more than 800 fanchisors and over 30,000 franchisee members, accounting for almost 50% of retail business in the United States (DD-Our Founder, 2008). Today, Dunkin Donuts claims to be the largest coffee and baked goods chain in the world, selling 1.5 billion cups of coffee per year, with many varieties of donuts and a wide range of baked products such as muffins, bagels, croissants, pizza, flat bread sandwiches, cookies, apple pie and donut-hole treats called Munchkins, as well as hash browns, salads and soups. Aside from freshly brewed coffee, which today, Dunkin Donuts serves in nine flavors, shops also offer iced coffee, coffee lattes in various flavors, iced tea, ice blend fruit juices called Coolatta, hot chocolate and packaged coffee. Today there are close to 8,000 Dunkin’ Donuts distribution points in 30 countries, with 5,800 in North America. The rest are in key international markets including Asia-Pacific and Latin America (DB-Featured Products, 2008; DB-Dunkin’ Donuts, 2007). This study presents the working structure of the supply chain management system that has made Dunkin’ Donuts one of the most successful brands in the world. The scope of the study is limited to the product supply chain of Dunkin’ Donuts food and beverage items. It does not include other products used for promotional purposes but are also sold to customers, which are mainly non-food items. A supply chain is an interrelated collection of processes and associated resources that starts with the acquisition of raw materials that will be used to manufacture a product, and ends with the acquisition, purchase or delivery to an end-customer of that product. The chain typically includes suppliers, manufacturers, logistics service providers, warehouses, distributors, wholesalers, retailers and all other entities that lead up to delivery

Defining terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Defining terrorism - Essay Example The simplest definition of terrorism is the following one: â€Å"Terrorism is the use of violence or force, or the threat of such, directed upon innocents, civilians, or noncombatants, in order to achieve political objectives† (Thackrah 2004, p. 18). There is a vivid discussion about the fact whether to justify terrorism or not. Some academicians and scientists underline that it is impossible to justify the essence of terrorism. In the very essence terrorism is unjust and illegitimate. Nevertheless, this assumption is rather emotional and it is relevant to consider this phenomenon from moral perspective. Thus, there is no moral background for the governments to sponsor terrorists, but they really do that. There is nothing more than intimidation of people in the name of reaching the goals of a group of people or the whole nation–this is the way terrorists are perceived by many states. Media positions terrorist acts as if they stem from political grievances, though the es sence of these actions can be rooted not in political concerns, but rather in religious or social issues. The US Department of Defence defines terrorism as â€Å"the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological† (Thackrah 2004, p. 32). Intimidation, fear and violence are three basic pillars of terrorism. The government’s reaction to terrorist acts has been always developed in accordance with the essence of the main goals of terrorists. For example, one of the most scaring acts of terrorism committed by the Black September Organization in October 1983, when 241 U.S. military personnel were killed and many people were wounded. In reality, the main target of their terrorist actions was the whole American nation and the Congress. The government withdrew the Marines from Beirut and this factor w as rather impressive for terrorists and they considered it to be success. First ad foremost concern for different governments should be focused on the fact that terrorists position themselves not as the servants of the Devil or evil, but they position themselves as fighters for freedom and their rights. They are interested in promoting liberating images or images, â€Å"supporting† public interests. In other words, one man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter (Burkoff 2005, p.49). In accordance with modern researches and studies, definitions of terrorism are developed in different terms. Thus, Schmidt and Youngman refer to 109 different definitions of terrorism, where three equal words were present: violence, force; political; fear (Boaz). Generally speaking, terrorism is considered at international level, because the targets of terrorist attacks can be found in different countries. There is a very thin boundary between terrorism and crime. Thus, for exa mple, political motivation of terrorism cannot be denied and it is often positioned as the first and foremost underpinning for terrorist acts commitment. It can be defined as â€Å"politically motivated attacks on non-combatant targets† (Fields, 2001). The activities of terrorist organizations are often described with the use of such concepts, as â€Å"

Ethnic Challenge Essay Example for Free

Ethnic Challenge Essay The article, â€Å"Ethnic Challenge† by Hollie Shaw discussed about marketing to ethnic groups in Canada. Shaw stated that understanding ethnic groups’ culture, beliefs, and realities is the key to successfully penetrate into their market. Companies, however, need to deliver their promises to these groups to boost sales and guarantee loyalty. Even though Canada adheres to multiculturalism, Shaw further noted that marketing to ethnic groups was never the case, as ads had only featured immigrants but had not directly targeted their market before. Today, however, companies like Shoppers Drug Mart Corp. Costco Wholesale Canada Ltd. , Hudson Bay Co. , and Wal-Mart Canada Corp. , uses cultural marketing. Moreover, Shaw pointed out the case of Sunsilk, a famous shampoo brand in South Asia, which reworked its proposed ad after research found that its ad featuring a gay male hairdresser and his female client and confidante will not be effective, as South Asian women do not have this kind of relationship with their hairdressers. In conclusion, Shaw stated that ethnic marketing will become more important in the coming years as more and more immigrants are finding home in Canada. Shaw’s â€Å"Ethnic Challenge† is related to the course material in that the latter justifies the contentions discussed in the former. Shaw began the article by saying that before, big companies lacked the efforts in â€Å"marketing to Canadian immigrants† (par. 1). The course material mentioned a world systems theory, which contends that there exists a â€Å"dominant core and a subordinate periphery in the contemporary world,† so people have the natural tendency to give more importance and attention to power and authority (p. 271). Consequently, based on the theory, big companies would give marketing priority to the dominant core that holds power and authority. In addition, the ethnic groups were previously excluded in marketing and advertising since the dominant culture perceived them as different â€Å"individuals and groups who do not conform to† societal expectations (p. 272). However, Shaw pointed out that marketing, which excludes immigrants and ethnic groups has been changing, as more businesses try to target them through their ads (pars. 2-3). This new focus of marketing can be credited to the rise of new philosophical approaches on humanism that questioned power and inequality. Furthermore, as human geographers increasingly become more aware of the diversity of people and places, cultures are not just viewed as a way of life but as a process that allows involvement from people who would construct their own landscapes (p. 270). Thus, the critical knowledge that theories have laid down affect how Canadian lifestyle and living has been, including marketing and advertising. In addition, the article, which discussed the shift of focus in marketing target and the course material, which mentioned the rise of critical definition of culture are very clear manifestations that Canada respects all ethnicities, as marketing now targets previously-ignored immigrants (par. 5) and as Canadian policies continue to actively encourage multiculturalism, respectively (p. 270). After reading through the course material and the article, I have come to realize the question we should ask ourselves as native Canadians: Do we want immigrants to be assimilated or acculturated into the Canadian society? Shaw’s article answered this by clearly discussing marketing and advertising that cater to ethnic cultures, tastes, beliefs, and realities – an acculturation which allows ethnic groups to become part of the larger Canadian society, but still retaining their distinctive identity. Personally, I do not want them to be completely assimilated to our society as they have native and original cultures that they naturally live by. Thus, ads should truthfully reflect and represent their realities if companies want to be successful in their businesses. Moreover, since there is no group or culture that stands above the others, if ads need to have different versions, in different languages, let them be. In this way, every group, ethnic or not, will feel that they are given attention and they have a place in the society. Paul Dalby’s â€Å"Truly an Epidemic: The Diabetes Epidemic,† revealed that diabetes, which was once considered a disease of the middle age, is becoming an â€Å"epidemic† in Ontario as Canadians, regardless of age groups, has been found to carry the disease. The article started with the case of Michael Jacoby, once an all-star athlete but now struggling with type 2 diabetes, â€Å"in which the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin or the body does not properly use the insulin it makes. † Ninety percent of diabetics have this type of diabetes (par. 4). Dalby further revealed that there are 2. 25 million diabetics in Canada, one-third of which lives in Ontario – a 69 percent jump of the prevalence of the disease (pars. 7-8). Moreover, what is more alarming is that â€Å"children as young as 10 years old† have been found to have diabetes (par. 0). Thus, according to Dr. Diane Finegood, â€Å"a massive campaign to change bad habits† (par 22), which means a change from â€Å"supersized food† and â€Å"sedentary lifestyles† (par. 14) to proper eating and enough exercise (par. 23) is required. The course material is related to Dalby’s article in that the former can explain the details discussed in the latter. For instance, Dalby named diabetes an â€Å"epidemic,† which the course material defined as a temporary but widespread outbreak of a disease. Furthermore, the current statistics, which stated that one-third of the 2. 5 million diabetics come from Ontario, can be explained by the fact that the province, which is home to big cities, lives a very fast-paced life and holds more food choices. Thus, there is a greater opportunity to eat unhealthy foods. Moreover, Ontario, being an industrialized area, people tend to work longer hours and thus become less active to engage in exercise. However, according to the course material, the poor are less likely to be unhealthy. In Ontario, this does not seem to be the case, as those who acquire diabetes are â€Å"poor† in lifestyle choices – presence of a different culture and lack of exercise. Nevertheless, in other countries, the poor being unhealthy is justified because they are underfed. But in the case of Canada, most people are underfed of healthy foods. Furthermore, Dalby mentioned that a change in lifestyle of bad habits is needed to stop the rise of people suffering from diabetes and get Canadians to be healthy. The course material defined â€Å"being healthy† as living a healthy lifestyle; watching good eating habits, good physical and mental health, and strong immune system; not smoking or drinking; and regularly seeing a doctor for checkups. Moreover, Dalby’s revelation of diabetes being an epidemic is a cause of alarm for everyone because as the course material discussed, there is an interconnection between population, health, and environment, a study known as medical geography. With the unstoppable increase in Canada’s population, it cannot help but worry about the cause and spread of diabetes, the huge cost of healthcare systems to fight the epidemic, and the effects of a changing environment on the health of Canadians. The data that the course material provided enabled me to be worried about my own health, as well as the health of my fellow Canadians, particularly the children. Most of us are lured by fast food and unhealthy foodstuffs because of their unique and delicious tastes and availability; most also do not even do exercise due to lack of time and unwillingness. However, living in a fast-paced world is no excuse for us to disregard our health. If more, we should be primarily concerned because our population is not growing any smaller and our healthcare facilities are not getting any cheaper. Furthermore, we have to watch carefully our lifestyles against unhealthy food and habits because with the population boom, we do not know how our world can adequately provide for our basic needs for us to live happy, healthy, and satisfying lives. In addition, the innocent little ones, so fond of sweets and junk foods should be strictly guided and monitored to eat only healthy foods because without them, how can our nation function well in the future?

Economic Impact of Pollution: Article Analysis

Economic Impact of Pollution: Article Analysis Luis Andre Talavera Nunez CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS An analysis of Peter Cai’s article: â€Å"Iron ore the victim in Beijings smog crackdown in the Business† Published the 26th of February – 2015 in the website businessspectator.com.au EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Peter Cai’s article analyses the economic impact of the pollution produced by the steel factories in China and their repercussion in the steel market and the iron ore prices. The article takes as an example the city of Hebei, one of the most important steel producer centres of China, which suffers one of the most critical pollution levels of its history. The province’s strategic location close to Beijing, the Chinese capital is a contributor factor to the increment of smog in the metropolitan area. The social pressure that arises from this issue is forcing the government to take drastic decisions with potential socio-economic impacts. New environmental standards were created in order to regulate the emissions. The new policies have the power to shut down any factory that does not meet the minimum standards. This is creating a lot of pressure on the industry and forcing the steel makers to reduce output and, in some cases, to update their assets. This new policies come in line with the Chinese economy slow down and the reduction of demand for the steel and its main resource, the iron ore. This has generated a crisis in the steel manufacturing industry that has seen a reduction of revenue and an increase of the operational cost in the last year. There is a potential risk of massive plants shut downs due to an important number of the steel makers won’t be able to afford the high cost that an update represents. This is also a consequence of poor government regulations during the economic boom that did not stimulate the companies to reinvest the capital in new and cleaner technologies when the revenue was higher. The social pressure has forced the government to take strong policies orientated to reduce the steel production capacity with the aim to minimize and control the toxic emissions. This represents a massive economic impact for the government which will be affected by lower tax revenue and potential increase of unemployment. INTRODUCTION The Hebei province, well known as the biggest steel producer in China and the second worldwide, contributor of the 22.5 percent of the national steel output is facing a critical time. The reports demonstrate a fall of 0.6 percent from the total steel production in 2014 in comparison to the 2013 figures and China’s total production is expected to drop 1.07% to 814 million tonnes by 2015. (Stanway, 2015; the Australian, 2015). The main reason for this crisis is the reduction in demand for the Chinese market and the new environmental policies that restrict the operation of plants that exceed the new emission standards (Li 2013). This environmental issue has situated the province within the top 10 most contaminated cities in China and has been affected people’s health critically reducing life expectancy by five years (Cai P., 2015; Stanway, 2015). As a consequence, there is a strong social pressure that request fast solutions to a problem that seems not to have a sustainabl e solution in the short term. This article address the following issues: The economic impact of the reduction of steel production’s output in the province of Hebei and its repercussion on the steel and iron prices in the short and medium term. The impact of the new environmental policies that force the shutdown of steel’s factories that don’t meet the minimum emission standards. Reduction in the demand of steel, impact on the government revenue and increment in the unemployment rate. ECONOMIC THEORIES One of the most important parts of the article is the dynamic of the Chinese steel market and its influence in the iron global supply. In the last decade the Chinese demand and supply for steel have been growing consistently driven by the strong urbanization process (World Steel Association 2014). However, this figure is changing rapidly due to China’s growth slowdown and a shift towards an economic model orientated to consumption and less steel dependent. The performance indicators demonstrate that the Chinese steel markets not in shape (Serapio. 2014), face serious issues related to competitiveness, productivity, efficient logistics, infrastructure and technology. The chart below explains the relation between Supply and Demand during the last 7 years and the reduction in market growth as result of the deceleration. Figure 1 – Source: EYGM Limited. 2014. The effect of the reduction in steel demand has been reflected in lower steel prices as result of the existing excess of the capacity. The steel producers have no other option than become more competitive, orientating their efforts to improve productivity and reduce costs in order to maximize the profits. According Agrawal (EYGM Limited. 2014), this highly competitive scenario will lead to a flatter marginal cost curve along the productive sector, reducing the breach between the competitors. This means that any fluctuation in the market variables will affect most of the participants evenly. THE PARTICIPATION OF THE GOVERNMENT What is the position of the government? The Chinese government is facing two major issues. According Elliott (EYGM Limited. 2015), the two major contributor factors are the critical contamination levels in most of the major cities around the country as product of the poor regulation policy to the steel market and the socio economic pressure to maintain an industry that provides generous tax income and maintain low unemployment levels. As result of social pressure the government decided to apply new regulation policies with the aim to reduce the actual steel production capacity. The new industrial emission standards give the government the tools to shut down the plants that don’t meet the new environmental requirements (Jiabao, Li. 2013). The article mentions that the pollution reduction technologies are expensive and under the current steel prices and many of the current steel producers are not going to be able to afford the investment. This exemplifies a clear normative economic, where the government identify a problem and prescribe solutions based on facts. Un-employment is an additional impact that has to be managed by the government. According Cai’s article, â€Å"the new industrial policy could cost 200,000 direct jobs as well as another 400,000 indirect positions†. In the short term the chances of a rapid migration towards a cleaner and environmental friendly industry are almost impossible due to the economic situation that the China is facing at the moment.. Here is where the government must evaluate different tools like tax incentives in order to stimulate the migration to cleaner industries in the medium term. One fact that was not mentioned in the article is that the government possesses participation in some factories; these factories receive incentives that allow them to operate even in loss with the aim to maintain levels of employment. This creates a clear dead weight loss for the government (EYGM Limited. 2014). The government subsidies are illustrated in the graph below: Figure 2 – Deadweight loss of government subsidy in the steel market. P1 is the original market price for the steel and Q1 is the original demand. Pc is the price that the consumer pays after the subsidy whilst Ps is the real price including the subsidy. Qs is the quantity of steel produced as result of the subsidy, this represent inefficient production. The area highlighted in red represents the deadweight loss to that the society pays as product of the government subsidy. CONCLUSION Cai’s article highlights the complex situation that the Chinese steel market is facing these days, as well as, the economic, environmental and social repercussion of its reduction capacity and the roll of the government in the market regulation. The article makes reference to production figures that can be easily tracked and verified in diverse economic reports. There are two points that the article doesn’t cover in deep. The subsidies of the government to some steel makers and how this affects the supply and the effect of the Iron Ore price fluctuations in the Chinese steel market. It’s clear that the social pressure is changing the traditional political Chinese scenario, characterized by their authoritarian decision making at the moment to approve and put in practice government interest policies. The demand for a better air quality reflects a new scenario where the politicians are willing to listen and negotiate. The short term solution of shutting down factories that don’t meet the environmental standards is only a policy that can alleviate the current contamination but does not provide a sustainable solution to the underlying problems: Maintain the competitiveness of Chinese market under optimal environmental standards. Reduce unemployment and also guarantee the resources that the country required to continue growing sustainably. The priority in a long term is to promote the development of more environmental friendly industries that can produce the high end products that China will require in the future. However, this is a big risk considering the investment and time required to transform an industry that has been considered one of the most traditional and important in China. REFERENCES Cai, P. (2015). â€Å"Iron ore the victim in Beijing’s smog crackdown†. Business spectator. Retrieved from http://www.businessspectator.com.au/article/2015/2/26/china/iron-ore-victim-beijings-smog-crackdown. EY Limited (2014). â€Å"Global steel 2014, planning to profit from opportunity: preparing for future demand†. Retrieved from http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY_-_Global_steel_2014/$FILE/EY-Global-steel-2014.pdf The Australian (2015). â€Å"China’s steel production to fall†. Retrieved from: http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/mining-energy/chinas-steel-production-to-fall/story-e6frg9df-1227208363291 Serapio, Manolo. 2014 â€Å"China steel demand shrinks for first time in 14 years as slowdown stings†Ã‚  http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/25/us-china-steel-idUSKCN0HK0Z320140925 Stanway, David. 2015. â€Å"Steel output dips 0.6 pct in Chinas Hebei in 2014†Ã‚  http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/26/china-steel-hebei-idUSL4N0V51DK20150126 World Steel Association. 2014. â€Å"World Steel in figures 2014†Ã‚  http://www.worldsteel.org/dms/internetDocumentList/bookshop/World-Steel-in-Figures-2014/document/World%20Steel%20in%20Figures%202014%20Final.pdf EYGM Limited. 2015. â€Å"Global steel 2014 Planning to profi t from opportunity: preparing for future demand†Ã‚  http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY_-_Global_steel_2014/$FILE/EY-Global-steel-2014.pdf Jiabao, Li. 2013 â€Å"Plant shutdowns likely as emission standards kick in†Ã‚  http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2013-03/15/content_16310734.htm American Economic Review. 1997  http://www.swlearning.com/ibc/hall/pdf/CH1a_hl.pdf